Periodontal disease attacks the gums and the bone that support the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of food debris, bacteria, and saliva. If plaque is not removed, it turns into calculus (tartar). When plaque and calculus are not removed, they begin to destroy the gums and bone. Most people are not aware of it because the disease is usually painless in the early stages. Good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits can help reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease.
Untreated Gum Disease can cause:
- Bleeding gums - Gums should never bleed, even when you brush vigorously or use dental floss.
- Loose teeth - Also caused by bone loss or weakened periodontal fibres.
- New spacing between teeth - Caused by bone loss.
- Persistent bad breath - Caused by bacteria in the mouth.
- Pus around the teeth and gums - Sign that there is an infection present.
- Receding gums - Loss of gum around a tooth.
- Red and puffy gums - Gums should never be red or swollen.
- Tenderness or Discomfort - Plaque, calculus, and bacteria irritate the gums and teeth.
Treatment is rendered based on the stage of the disease. If the disease is caught in the early stages and no damage has been done, one to two regular cleanings will be recommended. You will also be given instructions on improving your daily oral hygiene habits and having regular dental cleanings.
If the disease has progressed to more advanced stages, a special periodontal cleaning called scaling and root planing or a Flap surgery (deep cleaning) will be recommended. This procedure helps gum tissue to heal and pockets to shrink. Medications, special medicated mouth rinses may be recommended to help control infection and healing.